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679 KB
Extraction Summary
4
People
2
Organizations
0
Locations
2
Events
0
Relationships
8
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Legal document
File Size:
679 KB
Summary
This document is a page from a legal filing, dated June 29, 2023, that outlines the legal framework for challenging jurors for cause. It details the different types of juror bias—actual, implied, and inferable—and cites several U.S. court cases to define these categories and establish the criteria for their application. The text also briefly mentions the possibility of a post-verdict hearing for juror misconduct.
People (4)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Greenwood | Party in a legal case |
Mentioned in the case citation 'Power Equip., Inc. v. Greenwood, 464 U.S. 548, 556 (1984)'.
|
| Stewart | Party in a legal case |
Mentioned in the case citation 'United States v. Stewart, 433 F.3d 273, 304 (2d Cir. 2006)'.
|
| Torres | Party in a legal case |
Mentioned in the case citation 'United States v. Torres, 128 F.3d 38, 43 (2d Cir. 1997)'.
|
| Baker | Party in a legal case |
Mentioned in the case citation 'United States v. Baker, 899 F.3d 123, 130 (2d Cir. 2018)'.
|
Organizations (2)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Power Equip., Inc. | company |
Party in the legal case 'Power Equip., Inc. v. Greenwood'.
|
| United States | government agency |
Party in the legal cases 'United States v. Stewart', 'United States v. Torres', and 'United States v. Baker'.
|
Timeline (2 events)
Key Quotes (8)
"that a correct response would have provided a valid basis for a challenge for cause."Source
— Power Equip., Inc. v. Greenwood
(Describing the second part of a two-prong test for challenging a juror.)
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Quote #1
"narrowly specified, provable and legally cognizable bases."Source
— United States v. Torres
(Stating the grounds on which a party may challenge a juror for cause.)
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Quote #2
"Actual bias is bias in fact—the existence of a state of mind that leads to an inference that the person will not act with entire impartiality."Source
— United States v. Torres
(Defining 'actual bias' as one of the categories for a challenge for cause.)
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Quote #3
"bias conclusively presumed as a matter of law."Source
— United States v. Torres
(Defining 'implied bias' or 'presumed bias'.)
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Quote #4
"reserved for ‘exceptional situations,’"Source
— This Court (referencing United States v. Torres)
(Describing the narrow application of the 'implied bias' category.)
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Quote #5
"are related to the parties"Source
— United States v. Torres
(Providing an example of a circumstance for implied bias.)
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Quote #6
"were victims of the alleged crime itself."Source
— United States v. Torres
(Providing another example of a circumstance for implied bias.)
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Quote #7
"[b]ias may be inferred when a juror discloses a fact that bespeaks a risk of partiality sufficiently significant to warrant granting the trial judge discretion to excuse the juror for cause, but not so great as to make mandatory a presumption of bias."Source
— United States v. Torres
(Defining 'inferable bias' and the conditions under which it may be found.)
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Quote #8
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