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686 KB
Extraction Summary
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People
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Organizations
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Locations
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Events
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Relationships
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Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Legal document
File Size:
686 KB
Summary
This legal document is a jury instruction (Instruction No. 39) from a criminal case, filed on December 17, 2021. It defines the legal concept of "conscious avoidance" or "willful blindness," explaining to the jury how a defendant's deliberate act of ignoring facts can be considered the legal equivalent of knowledge. The instruction clarifies that this is a factor the jury can use to determine if the defendant acted "knowingly," a required element for the crimes charged by the Government.
People (1)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Defendant | Subject of the legal instruction |
The document provides instructions to the jury on how to determine if the 'Defendant' acted knowingly by using the co...
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Organizations (1)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Government | government agency |
Mentioned as the party responsible for proving that the Defendant acted knowingly.
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Timeline (1 events)
2021-12-17
Document 562, which includes Instruction No. 39 on Conscious Avoidance, was filed in Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE.
Relationships (1)
The document outlines the Government's burden of proof against the Defendant in a criminal case.
Key Quotes (3)
"The law calls this “conscious avoidance” or “willful blindness.”"Source
— The Court / Author of the instruction
(Defining the legal term for willfully and intentionally remaining ignorant of a material fact to escape criminal consequences.)
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Quote #1
"if you find beyond a reasonable doubt that the Defendant was aware that there was a high probability a crime was being committed, but that the Defendant deliberately and consciously avoided confirming this fact... then you may treat this deliberate avoidance of positive knowledge as the equivalent of knowledge..."Source
— The Court / Author of the instruction
(Instructing the jury on the conditions under which they can equate deliberate avoidance of knowledge with actual knowledge.)
DOJ-OGR-00008511.jpg
Quote #2
"In other words, a defendant cannot avoid criminal"Source
— The Court / Author of the instruction
(Summarizing the principle that a defendant cannot escape criminal liability through willful ignorance. The sentence is cut off in the document.)
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Quote #3
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