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2.52 MB
Extraction Summary
3
People
2
Organizations
0
Locations
0
Events
0
Relationships
3
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Academic text / congressional evidence
File Size:
2.52 MB
Summary
This document appears to be page 19 of an academic essay or book included in House Oversight Committee evidence (Bates stamp HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_021265). The text discusses the philosophical and scientific shift toward the 'autonomous individual' and 'self-interest' in the 20th century, citing Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, and economist Milton Friedman. It uses the biological behavior of sardines (swimming to the middle of a school to avoid predators) to explain 'emergent' collective behavior arising from individual self-preservation instincts.
People (3)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Charles Darwin | Historical Scientist |
Cited for arguing the difference in mind between humans and species is one of degree, not kind.
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| Albert Einstein | Historical Physicist |
Cited for surmising the relationship between energy and matter.
|
| Milton Friedman | Economist |
Cited for influencing economic theory by positing people are rational and motivated by self-interest.
|
Organizations (2)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| National Science Foundation |
Referenced regarding the 'Tree of Life project' and species estimates.
|
|
| House Oversight Committee |
Implied by the Bates stamp 'HOUSE_OVERSIGHT' indicating this document is part of a congressional investigation.
|
Key Quotes (3)
"As a result, the cultural focus moved from a focus on the social group – the family, neighborhood, or society – toward the autonomous individual."Source
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Quote #1
"Milton Friedman influenced economic theory and government policies for decades by positing that people, being fundamentally rational, are motivated first and foremost by self interests"Source
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Quote #2
"This phenomenon can be called “emergent,” because the properties or behavior of the group are not determined by any individual but arises from the collective behaviors of the individuals who constitute the group."Source
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Quote #3
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