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2.03 MB
Extraction Summary
6
People
4
Organizations
2
Locations
0
Events
2
Relationships
3
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Scientific manuscript / academic text (evidence production)
File Size:
2.03 MB
Summary
This document appears to be page 115 of a scientific manuscript or book regarding neuroscience and behavioral psychology. It discusses the concept of 'habituation' in learning, citing Eric Kandel's Nobel-winning work with sea snails (Aplysia californica) and Pavlov's work with dogs. It further details the effects of entheogenic agents (psychedelics) like LSD, mescaline, and DMT on neural habituation, referencing researchers from UC La Jolla and Yale. The page bears a 'HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013615' stamp, indicating it is part of a document production related to a congressional investigation, likely involving Epstein's connections to the scientific community.
People (6)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Eric Kandel | Nobelist / Scientist |
Columbia University professor cited for studies on neural mechanisms of habituation in sea snails.
|
| Michael Lewis | Researcher / Student |
Student of Eric Kandel who studied habituation of startle responses in children.
|
| Pavlov | Historical Scientist |
Referenced regarding classical conditioning experiments with dogs.
|
| Mark Geyer | Professor |
University of California in La Jolla professor who studied entheogenic agents.
|
| David Braff | Professor |
University of California in La Jolla professor who studied entheogenic agents.
|
| Michael Davis | Professor |
Yale School of Medicine professor who studied entheogenic agents.
|
Organizations (4)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Columbia University |
Institution associated with Eric Kandel.
|
|
| University of California in La Jolla |
Institution associated with Mark Geyer and David Braff (likely UCSD).
|
|
| Yale’s School of Medicine |
Institution associated with Michael Davis.
|
|
| House Oversight Committee |
Implied by the Bates stamp 'HOUSE_OVERSIGHT'.
|
Relationships (2)
Text refers to Lewis as 'one of Kandel’s students'
Listed together as Professors at the University of California in La Jolla
Key Quotes (3)
"Entheogenic agents like LSD or mescaline inhibit the process of habituation and fixation, maximizing the entropy of behavioral measures"Source
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Quote #1
"Eric Kandel studied the neural mechanisms of habituation as a primitive, accessible and fundamental example of learning"Source
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013615.jpg
Quote #2
"naturally occurring indoleamines, such as DMT, which occurs naturally in human brain, prevented habituation of startle responding in mammals"Source
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013615.jpg
Quote #3
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (2,485 characters)
skin when it was repeated several times. Columbia University’s Nobelist in the brain
sciences, Eric Kandel studied the neural mechanisms of habituation as a primitive,
accessible and fundamental example of learning, the association of a nonresponse
to a usually evocative stimulus, in Aplysia californica. The sea snails learned not to
respond to a local irritation with a gill-withdrawal response when exposed to it many
times. They learned to stop paying attention to the perturbation. The background
noise appears to disappear after a little time in the Mall. Though his exploration of
its synaptic mechanisms involved the neural circuit of the gill-withdrawal reflex in the
marine snail, its generality and human relevance is well established. Hundreds of
papers can be found reporting the results of studies of habituation in normal
humans under all kinds of circumstances as well as in psychopathological
conditions. That it samples something both fundamental and persistent is suggested
by studies in children by one of Kandel’s students, Michael Lewis. He found that the
rate of habituation of a startle response to a bright light in one-year-old human
infants predicted success in many kinds of learning and other cognitive functions
when the children were tested again at the age of four. Pavlov’s experiments
studied habituation of the classically conditioned salivary response to meat powder-
coupled bell sounds in dogs in which the bell was followed by nothing, not only led
to inhibition of the salivary response with unreinforced trial repetition but
generalization of the inhibitory state such that dogs were observed to freeze in
motionless catatonic states for hours. In the language of our statistical measures,
the fixation of the dog’s behavior would manifest minimal entropy in the form of HT =
HM = 0 and the lowest complexity values for AC and srs. Entheogenic agents like
LSD or mescaline inhibit the process of habituation and fixation, maximizing the
entropy of behavioral measures, HT, HM → 1 and high complexity values for AC and
srs.
Mark Geyer and David Braff, Professors at the University of California in La
Jolla and Michael Davis, a Professor at Yale’s School of Medicine, found that
entheogenic agents, such as mescaline and LSD, as well as naturally occurring
indoleamines, such as DMT, which occurs naturally in human brain, prevented
habituation of startle responding in mammals. Each sound repetition was treated as
sciences, Eric Kandel studied the neural mechanisms of habituation as a primitive,
accessible and fundamental example of learning, the association of a nonresponse
to a usually evocative stimulus, in Aplysia californica. The sea snails learned not to
respond to a local irritation with a gill-withdrawal response when exposed to it many
times. They learned to stop paying attention to the perturbation. The background
noise appears to disappear after a little time in the Mall. Though his exploration of
its synaptic mechanisms involved the neural circuit of the gill-withdrawal reflex in the
marine snail, its generality and human relevance is well established. Hundreds of
papers can be found reporting the results of studies of habituation in normal
humans under all kinds of circumstances as well as in psychopathological
conditions. That it samples something both fundamental and persistent is suggested
by studies in children by one of Kandel’s students, Michael Lewis. He found that the
rate of habituation of a startle response to a bright light in one-year-old human
infants predicted success in many kinds of learning and other cognitive functions
when the children were tested again at the age of four. Pavlov’s experiments
studied habituation of the classically conditioned salivary response to meat powder-
coupled bell sounds in dogs in which the bell was followed by nothing, not only led
to inhibition of the salivary response with unreinforced trial repetition but
generalization of the inhibitory state such that dogs were observed to freeze in
motionless catatonic states for hours. In the language of our statistical measures,
the fixation of the dog’s behavior would manifest minimal entropy in the form of HT =
HM = 0 and the lowest complexity values for AC and srs. Entheogenic agents like
LSD or mescaline inhibit the process of habituation and fixation, maximizing the
entropy of behavioral measures, HT, HM → 1 and high complexity values for AC and
srs.
Mark Geyer and David Braff, Professors at the University of California in La
Jolla and Michael Davis, a Professor at Yale’s School of Medicine, found that
entheogenic agents, such as mescaline and LSD, as well as naturally occurring
indoleamines, such as DMT, which occurs naturally in human brain, prevented
habituation of startle responding in mammals. Each sound repetition was treated as
115
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013615
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