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Extraction Summary
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People
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Organizations
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Locations
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Events
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Relationships
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Quotes
Document Information
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Legal document
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665 KB
Summary
This document is a page from a court transcript detailing a summation that references the expert testimony of Ms. Menninger. The speaker argues that memory is unreliable and can be corrupted by post-event information, citing Menninger's book 'Witness for the Defense' and a study on suggestive language (the word 'smashed'). This is used to cast doubt on the testimony of accusers, whose interviews were reportedly not recorded or transcribed.
People (1)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Ms. Menninger | Expert witness / Author |
Subject of a summation, described as having eminent qualifications and authoring the book 'Witness for the Defense'. ...
|
Organizations (1)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C. | Company |
Listed at the bottom of the document, likely the court reporting agency that produced the transcript.
|
Timeline (2 events)
Key Quotes (2)
"memory is malleable"Source
— Ms. Menninger (as reported by the speaker)
(A central point of Ms. Menninger's testimony, explaining that memory can be changed or influenced.)
DOJ-OGR-00014545.jpg
Quote #1
"smashed"Source
— Interviewers in a study
(Used as an example of a suggestive word in an interview that influenced participants' memories of a car's speed.)
DOJ-OGR-00014545.jpg
Quote #2
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (1,750 characters)
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 767 Filed 08/10/22 Page 145 of 257 2979
LCKVMAX6
Summation - Ms. Menninger
LCKVMAX6
Summation - Ms. Menninger
1 significant body of research and work because she wrote one
2 book called Witness for the Defense. But you will have her CV
3 and you can look at her eminent qualifications and all of her
4 research on how people can develop memories of things that
5 didn't happen or remember things differently from the way they
6 actually were and how people can develop false memories.
7 And what she told you is that memory is malleable.
8 Memory weakens over time. And memory can be impacted and
9 corrupted by post-event contamination. She talked about times
10 when false memories can be planted in a person's mind, and that
11 the person could then become just as emotional about these
12 created memories as other individuals who truly had the
13 experiences. And contrary to what most people think, memory
14 doesn't work like a recording device; you can't just push play
15 and it all comes back later.
16 Memories can be impacted by post-event information
17 that comes from all different sources. Interviews that use
18 words that are suggestive. You'll recall that she talked about
19 the study where they used the word "smashed." How fast was the
20 car going when it smashed into the other car; and that people
21 gave much higher rates of speed when they heard that word,
22 because it was suggested to them that it was fast.
23 And then think back about how none of the interviews
24 of these accusers were recorded and we don't have transcripts
25 and we don't know the words that were used in those interviews.
2 book called Witness for the Defense. But you will have her CV
3 and you can look at her eminent qualifications and all of her
4 research on how people can develop memories of things that
5 didn't happen or remember things differently from the way they
6 actually were and how people can develop false memories.
7 And what she told you is that memory is malleable.
8 Memory weakens over time. And memory can be impacted and
9 corrupted by post-event contamination. She talked about times
10 when false memories can be planted in a person's mind, and that
11 the person could then become just as emotional about these
12 created memories as other individuals who truly had the
13 experiences. And contrary to what most people think, memory
14 doesn't work like a recording device; you can't just push play
15 and it all comes back later.
16 Memories can be impacted by post-event information
17 that comes from all different sources. Interviews that use
18 words that are suggestive. You'll recall that she talked about
19 the study where they used the word "smashed." How fast was the
20 car going when it smashed into the other car; and that people
21 gave much higher rates of speed when they heard that word,
22 because it was suggested to them that it was fast.
23 And then think back about how none of the interviews
24 of these accusers were recorded and we don't have transcripts
25 and we don't know the words that were used in those interviews.
SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C.
(212) 805-0300
(212) 805-0300
DOJ-OGR-00014545
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