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This document is page 25 of a technical or academic report produced for the House Oversight Committee (Bates stamped HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017033). The text outlines a methodology for statistically analyzing 'fame' using word frequency time series from Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Britannica. It defines metrics such as 'Age of initial celebrity,' 'Doubling time of fame,' and 'Half-life of fame.' While part of the Epstein document production, the page itself contains no specific names of associates, flight logs, or financial data, but rather appears to be part of a scientific paper (possibly related to Epstein's funding of academic research or the MIT Media Lab).
Organizations (3)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia | ||
| Encyclopedia Britannica | ||
| House Oversight Committee |
Key Quotes (2)
"Having identified the best name candidate for every individual, we use the word frequency time series of this name as a metric for the fame of the each individual."Source
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"We compute the exponential rate at which fame decreases past the year at which it reaches its peak... The half-life is derived from the estimated exponent."Source
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III.7.A.10 – Compare the fame of multiple individuals.
Having identified the best name candidate for every individual, we use the word frequency time series of this name as a metric for the fame of the each individual. We now compare the fame of multiple individuals on the basis of the properties of their fame signal. For this analysis, we group people according to specific characteristics, which in the context of this work are the years of birth and the respective occupations.
10) Assemble cohorts on the basis of a shared record property.
a. Fetch all records which match a specific record property, such as year of birth or occupation.
b. Create fame cohorts comparing the fame of individuals born in the same year.
i. Use average lifetime fame ranking, done on the basis of the average fame as computed from the birth of the individual to the year 2000.
c. Create fame cohorts for individuals with the same occupation.
i. Use most famous 20th year, ranking on the basis of the 20th best year in the terms of fame for the individual.
a. Fetch all records which match a specific record property, such as year of birth or occupation.
b. Create fame cohorts comparing the fame of individuals born in the same year.
i. Use average lifetime fame ranking, done on the basis of the average fame as computed from the birth of the individual to the year 2000.
c. Create fame cohorts for individuals with the same occupation.
i. Use most famous 20th year, ranking on the basis of the 20th best year in the terms of fame for the individual.
III.7B. Cohorts of fame
For each year, we defined a cohort of the top 50 most famous individuals born that year. Individual fame was measured in this case by the average frequency over all years after one's birth. We can compute cohorts on the basis of names from Wikipedia, or Encyclopedia Britannica. In Figure 5, we used cohorts computed with names from Wikipedia.
At each time point, we defined the frequency of the cohort as the median value of the frequencies of all individuals in the cohort.
For each cohort, we define:
(1) Age of initial celebrity. This is the first age when the cohort's frequency is greater than 10-9. This corresponds to the point at which the median individual in the cohort enter the "English lexicon" as defined in the first section of the paper.
(2) Age of peak celebrity. This is the first age when the cohort's frequency is greater than 95% of its peak value. This definition is meant to diminish the noise that exists on the exact position of the peak value of the cohort's frequency.
(3) Doubling time of fame. We compute the exponential rate at which fame increases between the 'age of fame' and the 'age of peak fame'. To do so, we fit an exponential to the timeseries with the methods of least squares. The doubling time is derived from the estimated exponent.
(4) Half-life of fame. We compute the exponential rate at which fame decreases past the year at which it reaches its peak (which is later than the "age of peak celebrity" as defined above). To do so, we fit an exponential to the timeseries with the methods of least squares. The half-life is derived from the estimated exponent.
We show the way these parameters change with the cohort's year of birth in Figure S13.
The dynamics of these quantities is sensibly the same when using cohorts from Wikipedia or from Encyclopedia Britannica. However, Britannica features fewer individuals in their cohorts, and therefore the cohorts from the early 19th century are much noisier. We show in Figure S14 the fame analysis conducted with cohorts from Britannica, restricting our analysis to the years 1840-1950.
In Figure 5E, we analyze the trade-offs between early celebrity and overall fame as a function of occupation. For each occupation, we select the top 25 most famous individuals born between 1800 and 1920. For each occupation, we define the contour within which all points are close to at least 2 member of the cohort (it is the contour of the density map created by the cohort).
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