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Free Will
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between the socks faster than the speed of light to synchronize them, they already know what they are! Einstein presumed sister photons were like socks; they were emitted from the light source with their polarizations already set, though you could not see this information until you measured one of the photons. The information was dubbed 'hidden' and the theory is called hidden variable theory.

Einstein was to be proven wrong.

For many years after the EPR paper was published, physicists split into factions: some thought the world random, some believed in hidden variables, and others thought attempts to 'understand' quantum mechanics were misguided. Why should physics make sense? The equations work. Who cares why?

In 1964, John Bell, an Irish physicist working at the Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire ('CERN'), devised a way to test Einstein's hidden variable theory. He pointed out that if photons possess hidden variables and we randomly measure them with a detector set at three angles, we would expect to see more than one-third of the photons share the same result. But, in 1972, Freedman and Clauser performed this experiment and showed the photons share the result only a little over a quarter of the time. Since 'a little over a quarter' is less than 'more than a third', Bell's theory is false. Of course, Bell was entirely happy about this, since he set the equation up to be disproven. His equation is called an inequality because the equation contains a more than sign '>' rather than an equals '=' sign, so people say that quantum mechanics violates the Bell inequality. Because the inequality is violated, photons can have no prior knowledge of their polarization.

[Diagram Labels]
Blue Light
Detectors
Red Photon
Polarizer
Correlater

Bell Test Experiment

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