HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016038.jpg

348 Are the Androids Dreaming Yet?

A guess would mean particles have free will; no extraneous influence or piece of information either on their person or from some external source could have any effect. We are now going to prove the particle does guess.

The Proof
Conway and Kochen construct their proof from a small set of axioms, which form a rhyme. The axioms are; twin, fin and spin.
If two particles are separated by a distance (fin) and entangled (twin), the spins of the particles (spin) cannot be determined by any information in their history of the Universe up to that point. The proof relies on a thought experiment.
Consider twin particles separated by a long distance. Physicists call this 'space like separation'. All this means is one particle is measured on, say, Earth and the other on Mars, so relativity is significant in the experiment. This may be impractical today but there is no reason the experiment could not be done in principle. In the future, our children could set up on the UN Moon base and fire one photon to a detector on Hubble II and the other to the future Mars Orbital Station. Farfetched? If you had told Einstein back in 1947 that in less than 70 years we would be able to measure individual photons by sending them down spun glass fibers to locations separated by 50 kilometers, involving a multidisciplinary team composed of American, German, French and Russian scientists, all working in harmony, he might have been equally incredulous.
As the proof introduces relativity we also need two imaginary rocket ships. They must be traveling below the speed of light, so no Star Trek Enterprise or Millennium Falcon. We will have to stick with an old-school spaceship, the Sulaco from Aliens should do the trick. They must travel in opposite directions, passing our Moon Base just as the scientists run the experiment.
Special Relativity shows our Universe has a strange property: there is no such thing as a simultaneous event for two observers - at least if they are separated by any distance. From the point of view of the first spaceship, the measurement on Mars occurs first. But from the vantage point of the second observer, the measurement on Hubble occurs first.
Now comes the proof by counter example. Let us suppose the particles were influenced by an outside effect and had no free will.

HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_016038