HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030292.jpg
2.57 MB
Extraction Summary
0
People
1
Organizations
4
Locations
1
Events
0
Relationships
3
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Exhibit from a document production; the content is a page from a book or article on neuroscience.
File Size:
2.57 MB
Summary
This document is page 25 of what appears to be a book or article on neuroscience, detailing an experiment on decision-making and the role of the caudate nucleus. The Bates number 'HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030292' indicates it was part of a document production for a congressional committee. The text itself contains no information directly related to Jeffrey Epstein, his associates, or any related activities.
Organizations (1)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| House Oversight |
Appears in the Bates number 'HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030292' at the bottom of the page, indicating it was part of a document ...
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Timeline (1 events)
Not specified
A brain-imaging experiment was conducted to study how people's brains process choices. Participants were asked to choose between two equally-rated travel destinations, and their brain activity and subsequent ratings of the destinations were monitored.
Not specified
Unnamed experimenters ('we')
Unnamed study participants ('people')
Locations (4)
| Location | Context |
|---|---|
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Mentioned as a hypothetical travel destination choice in a decision-making experiment.
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Mentioned as a hypothetical travel destination choice in a decision-making experiment.
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Mentioned as a hypothetical travel destination choice in a decision-making experiment.
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Mentioned as a hypothetical travel destination choice in a decision-making experiment.
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Key Quotes (3)
"Be ready for something good."Source
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030292.jpg
Quote #1
"thinking of something remarkable!"Source
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030292.jpg
Quote #2
"when you make a decision — even if it is a hypothetical choice — you will value it more and expect it to bring you pleasure."Source
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030292.jpg
Quote #3
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (2,017 characters)
25
would be in each place. We then asked them to select one destination
from two choices that they had rated exactly the same. Would you
choose Paris over Brazil? Finally, we asked them to imagine and rate
all the destinations again. Seconds after picking between two
destinations, people rated their selected destination higher than
before and rated the discarded choice lower than before.
The brain-imaging data revealed that these changes were happening
in the caudate nucleus, a cluster of nerve cells that is part of the
striatum. The caudate has been shown to process rewards and signal
their expectation. If we believe we are about to be given a paycheck
or eat a scrumptious chocolate cake, the caudate acts as an announcer
broadcasting to other parts of the brain, "Be ready for something
good." After we receive the reward, the value is quickly updated. If
there is a bonus in the paycheck, this higher value will be reflected in
striatal activity. If the cake is disappointing, the decreased value will
be tracked so that next time our expectations will be lower.
In our experiment, after a decision was made between two
destinations, the caudate nucleus rapidly updated its signal. Before
choosing, it might signal "thinking of something great" while
imagining both Greece and Thailand. But after choosing Greece, it
now broadcast "thinking of something remarkable!" for Greece and
merely "thinking of something good" for Thailand. True, sometimes
we regret our decisions; our choices can turn out to be disappointing.
But on balance, when you make a decision — even if it is a
hypothetical choice — you will value it more and expect it to bring
you pleasure.
This affirmation of our decisions helps us derive heightened pleasure
from choices that might actually be neutral. Without this, our lives
might well be filled with second-guessing. Have we done the right
thing? Should we change our mind? We would find ourselves stuck,
overcome by indecision and unable to move forward.
from two choices that they had rated exactly the same. Would you
choose Paris over Brazil? Finally, we asked them to imagine and rate
all the destinations again. Seconds after picking between two
destinations, people rated their selected destination higher than
before and rated the discarded choice lower than before.
The brain-imaging data revealed that these changes were happening
in the caudate nucleus, a cluster of nerve cells that is part of the
striatum. The caudate has been shown to process rewards and signal
their expectation. If we believe we are about to be given a paycheck
or eat a scrumptious chocolate cake, the caudate acts as an announcer
broadcasting to other parts of the brain, "Be ready for something
good." After we receive the reward, the value is quickly updated. If
there is a bonus in the paycheck, this higher value will be reflected in
striatal activity. If the cake is disappointing, the decreased value will
be tracked so that next time our expectations will be lower.
In our experiment, after a decision was made between two
destinations, the caudate nucleus rapidly updated its signal. Before
choosing, it might signal "thinking of something great" while
imagining both Greece and Thailand. But after choosing Greece, it
now broadcast "thinking of something remarkable!" for Greece and
merely "thinking of something good" for Thailand. True, sometimes
we regret our decisions; our choices can turn out to be disappointing.
But on balance, when you make a decision — even if it is a
hypothetical choice — you will value it more and expect it to bring
you pleasure.
This affirmation of our decisions helps us derive heightened pleasure
from choices that might actually be neutral. Without this, our lives
might well be filled with second-guessing. Have we done the right
thing? Should we change our mind? We would find ourselves stuck,
overcome by indecision and unable to move forward.
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_030292
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