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Extraction Summary

9
People
3
Organizations
1
Locations
9
Events
9
Relationships
3
Quotes

Document Information

Type: Legal document
File Size: 627 KB
Summary

This page from a legal document details the legal framework used by the Second Circuit to determine if multiple charges constitute a single conspiracy, which is relevant to double jeopardy claims. It lists the eight "Korfant factors" and explains the burden-shifting process where a defendant must first make a non-frivolous claim, after which the burden shifts to the government to prove the conspiracies are distinct. The text relies heavily on citations to previous court cases to establish these legal standards.

People (9)

Name Role Context
Korfant
Party in the legal case United States v. Korfant, which established the 'Korfant factors' test.
Villa
Party in the legal case United States v. Villa.
Macchia
Party in the legal case United States v. Macchia.
Reiter
Party in the legal case United States v. Reiter.
Maslin
Party in the legal case United States v. Maslin.
Lopez
Party in the legal case United States v. Lopez.
DelVecchio
Party in the legal case United States v. DelVecchio.
Mallah
Party in the legal case United States v. Mallah.
Hernandez
Party in the legal case United States v. Hernandez.

Organizations (3)

Name Type Context
United States Government agency
Named as a party in numerous court cases cited in the document (e.g., United States v. Korfant).
Second Circuit Judiciary
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, whose legal precedents and frameworks are being discussed.
S.D.N.Y. Judiciary
Abbreviation for the Southern District of New York, a U.S. District Court, mentioned in a case citation.

Timeline (9 events)

1974
United States v. Mallah, 503 F.2d 971, 986 (2d Cir. 1974)
Second Circuit
1985
United States v. Korfant, 771 F.2d 660, 662 (2d Cir. 1985)
Second Circuit
1986
United States v. DelVecchio, 800 F.2d 21, 22 (2d Cir. 1986)
Second Circuit
1988
United States v. Reiter, 848 F.2d 336, 340 (2d Cir. 1988)
Second Circuit
1994
United States v. Macchia, 35 F.3d 662, 667 (2d Cir. 1994)
Second Circuit
2004
United States v. Maslin, 356 F.3d 191, 196 (2d Cir. 2004)
Second Circuit
2004
United States v. Lopez, 356 F.3d 463, 467 (2d Cir. 2004)
Second Circuit
2009-10-01
United States v. Hernandez, No. 09-CR-625 (HB), 2009 WL 3169226, at *9 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 1, 2009)
S.D.N.Y.
2018
United States v. Villa, 744 F. App’x 716, 720 (2d Cir. 2018)
Second Circuit

Locations (1)

Location Context
The Southern District of New York, mentioned in the citation for United States v. Hernandez.

Relationships (9)

United States Adversarial (legal) Korfant
The document cites the legal case United States v. Korfant.
United States Adversarial (legal) Villa
The document cites the legal case United States v. Villa.
United States Adversarial (legal) Macchia
The document cites the legal case United States v. Macchia.
United States Adversarial (legal) Reiter
The document cites the legal case United States v. Reiter.
United States Adversarial (legal) Maslin
The document cites the legal case United States v. Maslin.
United States Adversarial (legal) Lopez
The document cites the legal case United States v. Lopez.
United States Adversarial (legal) DelVecchio
The document cites the legal case United States v. DelVecchio.
United States Adversarial (legal) Mallah
The document cites the legal case United States v. Mallah.
United States Adversarial (legal) Hernandez
The document cites the legal case United States v. Hernandez.

Key Quotes (3)

"no dominant factor or single touchstone” determines whether two allegedly distinct conspiracies “ʻappear in fact and in law the same.’"
Source
— United States v. Macchia (quoting United States v. Reiter) (Describing the application of the Korfant factors for determining if conspiracies are distinct.)
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Quote #1
"the Korfant list is not exhaustive, and every case must be assessed on its own terms . . . based on the entire record."
Source
— United States v. Maslin (Clarifying that the Korfant factors are a flexible guideline, not a rigid rule.)
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Quote #2
"by a preponderance of the evidence, that there are in fact two distinct conspiracies and that the defendant is not being placed in jeopardy twice for the same crime."
Source
— United States v. Lopez (Explaining the Government's burden of proof in the burden-shifting framework for conspiracy charges.)
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Quote #3

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