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3.37 MB
Extraction Summary
12
People
6
Organizations
1
Locations
1
Events
2
Relationships
7
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Legal/governmental memorandum
File Size:
3.37 MB
Summary
This document, labeled 'HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012391,' lists historical precedents of U.S. Presidents from 1876 to 1990 using signing statements to challenge the constitutionality of 'legislative veto' provisions in various acts. Presidents including Kennedy, Nixon, Reagan, and Grant are cited as having declared they would not be bound by such provisions, treating them as non-binding requests or nullities. The document appears to be legal or historical research compiled for a government body, but its content does not contain any information related to Jeffrey Epstein.
People (12)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| John F. Kennedy | President of the United States |
Stated a legislative veto in a 1963 bill was unconstitutional and would be treated as a request for information.
|
| Lyndon B. Johnson | President of the United States |
Stated a legislative veto in the 1963 Public Works Appropriations Act was unconstitutional and would be treated as a ...
|
| Richard Nixon | President of the United States |
Stated a clause requiring congressional committee approval in the 1972 Public Buildings Amendments was unconstitutional.
|
| Gerald R. Ford | President of the United States |
Stated a committee approval mechanism in the 1976 Department of Defense Appropriation Act was unconstitutional and a ...
|
| Jimmy Carter | President of the United States |
Stated a legislative veto provision in the 1980 Coastal Zone Management Improvement Act was not 'legally binding'.
|
| Ronald Reagan | President of the United States |
Stated a legislative veto in the 1981 Union Station Redevelopment Act was unconstitutional.
|
| George Bush | President of the United States |
Rejected the constitutionality of provisions in the 1990 National and Community Service Act that restricted his appoi...
|
| Ulysses S. Grant | President of the United States |
Interpreted a provision in an 1876 statute to avoid what he saw as an unconstitutional infringement on executive power.
|
| Franklin Roosevelt | President of the United States |
Authored a legal opinion to Attorney General Jackson regarding his signing of the Lend-Lease Act despite a legislativ...
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| Attorney General Jackson | Attorney General |
Recipient of a legal opinion from President Franklin Roosevelt regarding a legislative veto in the Lend-Lease Act.
|
| Speaker of the House of Representatives | Congressional Leader |
Mentioned as having the power to nominate members to a board under the National and Community Service Act of 1990, a ...
|
| Majority Leader of the Senate | Congressional Leader |
Mentioned as having the power to nominate members to a board under the National and Community Service Act of 1990, a ...
|
Organizations (6)
Timeline (1 events)
1876-1990
A series of instances where U.S. Presidents used signing statements to assert executive power by declaring legislative veto provisions in various acts of Congress to be unconstitutional and non-binding.
United States
U.S. Presidents
U.S. Congress
Locations (1)
| Location | Context |
|---|---|
|
The document discusses matters of United States federal law and government.
|
Relationships (2)
U.S. Presidents (Executive Branch)
→
Constitutional Conflict
→
U.S. Congress (Legislative Branch)
The entire document details a series of conflicts where Presidents declared legislative vetoes, passed by Congress, to be unconstitutional infringements on executive power.
President Roosevelt provided a legal opinion to Attorney General Jackson regarding the unconstitutionality of a legislative veto in the Lend-Lease Act.
Key Quotes (7)
"[i]t is therefore my intention . . . to treat this provision as a request for information."Source
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Quote #1
"without regard to the unconstitutional provisions I have previously referred to."Source
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Quote #2
"treat the unconstitutional provision . . . to the extent it requires further Congressional committee approval, as a complete nullity."Source
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Quote #3
"not [be] regarded as legally binding."Source
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Quote #4
"[t]he Secretary of Transportation will not . . . regard himself as legally bound by any such resolution."Source
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Quote #5
"are without legal force or effect."Source
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Quote #6
"[i]n the literal sense of this direction it would be an invasion of the constitutional prerogatives and duty of the Executive."Source
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Quote #7
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (3,994 characters)
3) Memorandum on Informing Congressional Committees of Changes Involving Foreign Economic Assistance Funds, Pub. Papers of John F. Kennedy 6 (Jan. 9, 1963): President Kennedy stated that a provision in the bill he was signing contained an unconstitutional legislative veto. He announced that "[i]t is therefore my intention . . . to treat this provision as a request for information." Id.
4) Statement by the President Upon Approving the Public Works Appropriations Act, Pub. Papers of Lyndon B. Johnson 104 (Dec. 31, 1963): President Johnson also found that a legislative veto provision was unconstitutional and stated that he would treat it as a request for information.
5) Statement About Signing the Public Buildings Amendments of 1972, Pub. Papers of Richard Nixon 686 (June 17, 1972): President Nixon stated that a clause conditioning the use of authority by the executive branch on the approval of a congressional committee was unconstitutional. He ordered the agency involved to comply with "the acceptable procedures" in the bill "without regard to the unconstitutional provisions I have previously referred to." Id. at 687.
6) Statement on Signing the Department of Defense Appropriation Act of 1976, Pub. Papers of Gerald R. Ford 241 (Feb. 10, 1976): President Ford stated that a committee approval mechanism was unconstitutional and announced that he would "treat the unconstitutional provision . . . to the extent it requires further Congressional committee approval, as a complete nullity." Id. at 242.
7) Statement on Signing Coastal Zone Management Improvement Act of 1980, Pub. Papers of Jimmy Carter 2335 (Oct. 18, 1980): President Carter stated that a legislative veto provision was unconstitutional and that any attempt at a legislative veto would "not [be] regarded as legally binding." Id.
8) Statement on Signing the Union Station Redevelopment Act of 1981, Pub. Papers of Ronald Reagan 1207 (Dec. 29, 1981): President Reagan stated that a legislative veto was unconstitutional and announced that "[t]he Secretary of Transportation will not . . . regard himself as legally bound by any such resolution." Id.
9) Statement On Signing the National and Community Service Act of 1990, Pub. Papers of George Bush 1613 (Nov. 16, 1990): President Bush rejected the constitutionality of provisions that required a Presidentially appointed board exercising executive authority to include, among its 21 members, "seven members nominated by the Speaker of the House of Representatives . . . [and] seven members nominated by the Majority Leader of the Senate." Id. at 1614. He announced that the restrictions on his choice of nominees to the board "are without legal force or effect." Id.
10) 7 A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 377 (Aug. 14, 1876) (Pres. Grant): This is one of the earliest of many instances of a President "construing" a provision (to avoid constitutional problems) in a way that seems to amount to a refusal to enforce a provision of it. An 1876 statute directed that notices be sent to certain diplomatic and consular officers "to close their offices." President Grant, in signing the bill, stated that, "[i]n the literal sense of this direction it would be an invasion of the constitutional prerogatives and duty of the Executive." Id. In order to avoid this problem, President Grant "constru[ed]" this provision "only to exercise the constitutional prerogative of Congress over the expenditures of the Government," not to "imply[] a right in the legislative branch to direct the closing or discontinuing of any of the diplomatic or consular offices of the Government." Id. at 378.
Other Presidential Documents
1) A Presidential Legal Opinion, 66 Harv. L. Rev. 1353 (1953): This was a legal opinion from President Franklin Roosevelt to Attorney General Jackson. President Roosevelt stated that he was signing the Lend-Lease Act despite a provision providing for a legislative veto, "a provision which, in
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_012391
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