HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025617.tif
67.5 KB
Extraction Summary
7
People
10
Organizations
7
Locations
8
Events
11
Relationships
0
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Report/analysis document
File Size:
67.5 KB
Summary
This document outlines economic developments in Arab countries starting in the 1990s, focusing on the rise of mobile networks, privatizations, and the emergence of Arab multinationals. It details how powerful families and governments controlled investments and revenue, citing examples like the Trabelsi, Materi, Ezz, Sawires, Makhlouf, and Hariri families as local partners, and mentions key figures like Najib Mikati and companies like Orascom and MTN. The text also touches on the impact of the 1986 oil price crash and the influence of the International Monetary Fund and European Commission on these economies, as well as real estate ventures inspired by the 'Dubai miracle'.
People (7)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Najib Mikati | Businessman, politician |
Sold Investcom to MTN, currently appointing the new government in Lebanon.
|
| Trabelsi family | Local partner in investments |
Identified as imposed local partners in Tunisia.
|
| Materi family | Local partner in investments |
Identified as imposed local partners in Tunisia.
|
| Ezz family | Local partner in investments |
Identified as imposed local partners in Egypt.
|
| Sawires family | Local partner in investments |
Identified as imposed local partners in Egypt; sold shares in Orascom-Mobinil to France Telecom and offloaded cement ...
|
| Makhlouf family | Local partner in investments |
Identified as imposed local partners in Syria.
|
| Hariri family | Local partner in investments |
Identified as imposed local partners in Lebanon.
|
Organizations (10)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Djezzy |
Algerian branch of Orascom, involved in a legal dispute.
|
|
| Orascom |
Egyptian operator, involved in legal disputes with Djezzy/Algerian military and Syriatel.
|
|
| Syriatel |
Syrian telecommunications company, involved in a dispute with Orascom.
|
|
| International Monetary Fund |
Demands supported the globalisation of Arab economies.
|
|
| European Commission |
Supported by the European Commission for the Mediterranean countries.
|
|
| Orascom-Mobinil |
Company in which the Sawires family held shares, later sold to France Telecom.
|
|
| France Telecom |
Purchased shares in Orascom-Mobinil from the Sawires family.
|
|
| Investcom |
Company sold by Najib Mikati to the South African group MTN.
|
|
| MTN |
South African group that bought Investcom from Najib Mikati.
|
|
| Algerian military |
Involved in a legal dispute over Djezzy.
|
Timeline (8 events)
1990s
Mobile telephone network launches and major privatisations of public services with public-private partnerships (BOT contracts).
Arab countries
Ongoing (implied current)
Unspecified
Legal dispute over Djezzy involving Orascom and the Algerian military.
Algeria
Unspecified (before Najib Mikati's current role)
Najib Mikati sold Investcom to the South African group MTN.
Unspecified (transaction likely involving Lebanon/South Africa)
Unspecified (post-Dubai miracle)
Arab countries ventured into real estate transactions, including expropriation and sale of land, and renovation of traditional palaces.
Arab countries
Unspecified (prior to Egyptian revolution)
Sawires sold shares in Orascom-Mobinil to France Telecom and offloaded cement holdings.
Egypt
Locations (7)
| Location | Context |
|---|---|
|
Location where Trabelsi and Materi families were local partners.
|
|
|
Location where Ezz and Sawires families were local partners; Egyptian revolution mentioned.
|
|
|
Location where Makhlouf family was a local partner; Syriatel mentioned.
|
|
|
Location where Hariri family was a local partner; Najib Mikati is appointing a new government.
|
|
|
Location of Djezzy and Algerian military.
|
|
|
Referenced as the 'Dubai miracle', influencing real estate ventures in Arab countries.
|
|
|
European Commission support for these countries.
|
Relationships (11)
Identified as imposed local partners in Tunisia.
Identified as imposed local partners in Tunisia.
Identified as imposed local partners in Egypt.
Identified as imposed local partners in Egypt.
Sold shares in Orascom-Mobinil to France Telecom.
Identified as imposed local partners in Syria.
Identified as imposed local partners in Lebanon.
Sold Investcom to the South African group MTN.
Djezzy is the Algerian branch of the Egyptian operator Orascom.
Legal dispute over Djezzy involving Orascom and the Algerian military.
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (2,086 characters)
8
opportunities arose. In the 1990s there were mobile telephone
network launches, and the first major privatisations of public
services, with public-private partnerships and build-operate-transfer
(BOT) contracts. Mobile networks had massive margins, especially at
the start when better-off clients were prepared to pay high prices. The
major multinational operators, influential businessmen and
governments fought to capture the income. (There is evidence for this
in the legal dispute over Djezzy, the Algerian branch of the Egyptian
operator Orascom, and the Algerian military, and in a previous
dispute between Orascom and Syria's Syriatel, which happened just
as the first large Arab multinationals emerged.) The globalisation of
Arab economies and the demands of the International Monetary Fund
supported by the European Commission for the Mediterranean
countries - tightened the regimes' hold on the economy, especially
after the oil price crash of 1986. The ensuing decline in public
investment and weakening of the governmental regulatory role
ensured that the major multinationals held monopolies or oligopolies
in exchange for sharing revenue with the powers-that-be. The senior
management of the global corporations knew exactly where major
decisions were taken and who the imposed local partners were for
any new investment: the Trabelsi and Materi families in Tunisia, the
Ezz and Sawires in Egypt, the Makhlouf in Syria, Hariri in Lebanon.
The Sawires sold their shares in Orascom-Mobinil to France Telecom
and offloaded their cement holdings before the Egyptian revolution.
Najib Mikati, who had sold Investcom to the South African group
MTN, is currently in charge of appointing the new government in
Lebanon. Enthralled by the Dubai miracle, all the Arab countries
ventured into real estate transactions that allowed them to dissimulate
a public/private interest mix. Land was expropriated and then sold
cheaply to property developers. Historic city centres were neglected
but the local riad (traditional palaces) were renovated by international
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025617
opportunities arose. In the 1990s there were mobile telephone
network launches, and the first major privatisations of public
services, with public-private partnerships and build-operate-transfer
(BOT) contracts. Mobile networks had massive margins, especially at
the start when better-off clients were prepared to pay high prices. The
major multinational operators, influential businessmen and
governments fought to capture the income. (There is evidence for this
in the legal dispute over Djezzy, the Algerian branch of the Egyptian
operator Orascom, and the Algerian military, and in a previous
dispute between Orascom and Syria's Syriatel, which happened just
as the first large Arab multinationals emerged.) The globalisation of
Arab economies and the demands of the International Monetary Fund
supported by the European Commission for the Mediterranean
countries - tightened the regimes' hold on the economy, especially
after the oil price crash of 1986. The ensuing decline in public
investment and weakening of the governmental regulatory role
ensured that the major multinationals held monopolies or oligopolies
in exchange for sharing revenue with the powers-that-be. The senior
management of the global corporations knew exactly where major
decisions were taken and who the imposed local partners were for
any new investment: the Trabelsi and Materi families in Tunisia, the
Ezz and Sawires in Egypt, the Makhlouf in Syria, Hariri in Lebanon.
The Sawires sold their shares in Orascom-Mobinil to France Telecom
and offloaded their cement holdings before the Egyptian revolution.
Najib Mikati, who had sold Investcom to the South African group
MTN, is currently in charge of appointing the new government in
Lebanon. Enthralled by the Dubai miracle, all the Arab countries
ventured into real estate transactions that allowed them to dissimulate
a public/private interest mix. Land was expropriated and then sold
cheaply to property developers. Historic city centres were neglected
but the local riad (traditional palaces) were renovated by international
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_025617
Discussion 0
No comments yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this epstein document