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328 | Notes to pages 293–299

http://intelligence.house.gov/1-four-declassified-examples-more-50-attacks
-20-countries-thwarted-nsa-collection-under-fisa-section.

290 Grand Central station: Mark Hosenball, “U.S. NSA Internet Spying Foiled Plot
to Attack New York Subways: Sources,” Reuters, June 7, 2013.
290 provided the “critical lead”: Marshall Erwin, “Connecting the Dots,” U.S. Senate
Committee on the Judiciary, Jan. 13, 2014,.
290 “I can tell you”: Rogers quoted in Ed Pilkington and Nicholas Watt, “NSA Sur-
veillance Played Little Role in Foiling Terror Plots, Experts Say,” Guardian, June
12, 2013.
290 The third NSA program: Glenn Greenwald, “XKeyscore: NSA Tool Collects
‘Nearly Everything a User Does on the Internet,’ ” Guardian, July 31, 2013.
291 Further enabling furtive Internet: Appelbaum, “Edward Snowden Interview.”
291 These precise tips: Joseph Menn, “Exclusive: Secret Contract Tied NSA and
Security Industry Pioneer,” Reuters, Dec. 20, 2013.
291 as Greenwald writes: Greenwald, No Place to Hide, 2.
292 “We can’t penetrate”: Rebecca Savransky, “Head Prosecutor of Paris Attacks
Encryption Program,” Hill, March 13, 2016.
293 “Terrorist organizations”: Morell, Great War of Our Time, 294.
293 What further heightened Morell’s concern: Ibid., 315.
293 In addition, evidence: Milan Schreuer and Alissa J. Rubin, “Video Found in Bel-
gium May Point to a Bigger Plot,” New York Times, Feb. 18, 2016.
294 “saw one after another”: Mary Louise Kelly, “NSA: Fallout from Snowden Leaks
Isn’t Over, but Info Is Getting Old,” NPR, March 16, 2016.
294 “Have I lost capability”: Bill Gertz, “NSA Director: Snowden’s Leaks Helped
Terrorists Avoid Tracking,” Washington Free Beacon, Feb. 24, 2015.

EPILOGUE The Snowden Effect

295 “Governments can reduce our dignity”: Edward Snowden, “Governments Can
Reduce Our Dignity to That of Tagged Animals,” Guardian, May 3, 2016.
298 published in The New York Times: David E. Sanger and Thom Shanker, “N.S.A.
Devises Radio Pathway into Computers,” New York Times, Jan. 14, 2014.
298 “Snowden has compromised more”: McConnell interview, King, “Ex-NSA Chief
Details Snowden’s Hiring at Agency, Booz Allen.”
299 a distrustful press: Pilkington and Watt, “NSA Surveillance Played Little Role
in Foiling Terror Plots, Experts Say.” The first “expert” was Michael Dowling, a
Denver-based attorney who acted as Zazi’s defense counsel. He said he had no
access to the undisclosed basis of the government position because Zazi pleaded
guilty in 2011. The second expert was David Davis, a British MP, who was in the
shadow government of the Conservative Party. He resigned from the shadow
government in June 2008, more than a year before the Zazi arrest. In any case,
because the PRISM program was a closely held secret, he would not have had,
and does not claim to have had, access to it.
299 Snowden speaks “truth to power”: Vanden Heuvel and Cohen, “Snowden
Speaks.”

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