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641 KB
Extraction Summary
2
People
3
Organizations
1
Locations
2
Events
1
Relationships
4
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Court transcript (direct examination)
File Size:
641 KB
Summary
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) filed on August 10, 2022. It features the direct examination of an expert witness named Loftus (likely Elizabeth Loftus), who is testifying about memory contamination, the difference between open-ended and leading questions, and the impact of stress on memory. The witness advises using neutral questions to avoid contaminating a witness's memory and notes that stress is usually relevant to the time of the event itself rather than the interview environment.
People (2)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Loftus | Witness |
Expert witness testifying on direct examination regarding memory, interviewing techniques, and contamination.
|
| Unidentified Attorney (Q) | Interrogator |
Attorney conducting the direct examination of Loftus.
|
Organizations (3)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| CIA |
Mentioned by the witness in the context of lectures or consulting regarding interviewing techniques.
|
|
| Southern District Reporters, P.C. |
The court reporting firm listed in the footer.
|
|
| DOJ |
Department of Justice, indicated by the Bates stamp prefix 'DOJ-OGR'.
|
Locations (1)
| Location | Context |
|---|---|
|
Implied jurisdiction based on the court reporter's name (likely SDNY given the case number context).
|
Key Quotes (4)
"CIA, I would be talking about interviewing techniques and other sources of potential post-event information that can contaminate memory."Source
DOJ-OGR-00013986.jpg
Quote #1
"Well, it's certainly open-ended questions give you, in some sense, more accurate information."Source
DOJ-OGR-00013986.jpg
Quote #2
"you would like to have them be as neutral as possible so that you don't contaminate the witness."Source
DOJ-OGR-00013986.jpg
Quote #3
"when you ask leading questions like how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other, that's probably not a good way to follow up an open-ended question."Source
DOJ-OGR-00013986.jpg
Quote #4
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (1,749 characters)
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 761 Filed 08/10/22 Page 127 of 246 2422
LCGCmax4 Loftus - direct
LCGCmax4 Loftus - direct
1 CIA, I would be talking about interviewing techniques and other
2 sources of potential post-event information that can
3 contaminate memory. That's part of what those lectures and
4 consulting is about.
5 Q. And in connection with an interviewing process, would there
6 be a difference between asking what would be an open-ended
7 question where the person being questioned provides the
8 information as opposed to, as we all know, what a leading
9 question is where the information may be provided and the
10 recipient of the question just answers yes or no?
11 A. Well, it's certainly open-ended questions give you, in some
12 sense, more accurate information. It might not be fully
13 complete, so you might need to follow it up with some specific,
14 more specific information or the closed-ended questions, and
15 you would like to have them be as neutral as possible so that
16 you don't contaminate the witness. But to get a little bit
17 more complete a version of what you're looking for -- but when
18 you ask leading questions like how fast were the cars going
19 when they smashed into each other, that's probably not a good
20 way to follow up an open-ended question.
21 Q. Now, with regard to the process of questioning someone,
22 have you conducted any studies that show the impact of stress
23 in the interviewing environment?
24 A. I have -- no. Usually, when you talk about stress, it's
25 usually at the time of the event itself. It can be a very --
2 sources of potential post-event information that can
3 contaminate memory. That's part of what those lectures and
4 consulting is about.
5 Q. And in connection with an interviewing process, would there
6 be a difference between asking what would be an open-ended
7 question where the person being questioned provides the
8 information as opposed to, as we all know, what a leading
9 question is where the information may be provided and the
10 recipient of the question just answers yes or no?
11 A. Well, it's certainly open-ended questions give you, in some
12 sense, more accurate information. It might not be fully
13 complete, so you might need to follow it up with some specific,
14 more specific information or the closed-ended questions, and
15 you would like to have them be as neutral as possible so that
16 you don't contaminate the witness. But to get a little bit
17 more complete a version of what you're looking for -- but when
18 you ask leading questions like how fast were the cars going
19 when they smashed into each other, that's probably not a good
20 way to follow up an open-ended question.
21 Q. Now, with regard to the process of questioning someone,
22 have you conducted any studies that show the impact of stress
23 in the interviewing environment?
24 A. I have -- no. Usually, when you talk about stress, it's
25 usually at the time of the event itself. It can be a very --
SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C.
(212) 805-0300
(212) 805-0300
DOJ-OGR-00013986
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