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Extraction Summary
3
People
2
Organizations
1
Locations
1
Events
1
Relationships
4
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Court transcript
File Size:
632 KB
Summary
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) featuring the direct examination of expert witness Dr. Elizabeth Loftus. Loftus testifies about the fallibility of memory, specifically explaining 'rich false memories' and how scientific studies have successfully planted entire false events into people's minds, such as being attacked by an animal or nearly drowning.
People (3)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Loftus | Witness |
Expert witness testifying under direct examination regarding memory and false memories.
|
| Unidentified Attorney (Q) | Examiner |
Conducting the direct examination of Loftus.
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| Jury | Audience |
The group to whom the explanation is directed.
|
Organizations (2)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Southern District Reporters, P.C. |
Listed in the footer.
|
|
| DOJ |
Department of Justice, referenced in footer stamp DOJ-OGR-00016618.
|
Timeline (1 events)
Locations (1)
| Location | Context |
|---|---|
|
Jurisdiction implied by the court reporter's name (likely SDNY given the case number context).
|
Relationships (1)
Q and A format in the transcript (Direct Examination).
Key Quotes (4)
"false memories can be expressed with a high degree of confidence."Source
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Quote #1
"You have changed a detail in memory for an event that actually happened."Source
DOJ-OGR-00016618.jpg
Quote #2
"could you plant an entire event into the minds of people for something that didn't happen"Source
DOJ-OGR-00016618.jpg
Quote #3
"we and others have accomplished that... planting false memories"Source
DOJ-OGR-00016618.jpg
Quote #4
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (1,599 characters)
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 761 Filed 08/10/22 Page 135 of 246 2430
LCGCmax4 Loftus - direct
LCGCmax4 Loftus - direct
1 the problem is when you have post-event suggestion or
2 intervention, people get very confident about their wrong
3 answers, and you can see that even wrong answers or false
4 information, false memories can be expressed with a high degree
5 of confidence.
6 Q. In connection with your experience and research, have you
7 ever come across the term, rich false memories?
8 A. Yes.
9 Q. Could you please explain to the jury what that means.
10 A. So going back, actually, to the typical eyewitness study,
11 witnesses see an accident, they really saw the car go through a
12 stop sign. Later on, you suggest it was a yield sign and many
13 people will succumb to the suggestion. You have changed a
14 detail in memory for an event that actually happened.
15 But somewhere around the 1990s, researchers from
16 around the world started to look at, could you plant an entire
17 event into the minds of people for something that didn't
18 happen, could you use enough suggestion that you would get
19 people to construct whole events, and we and others have
20 accomplished that, meaning other scientific laboratories,
21 planting false memories that -- well, as I mentioned, you
22 witnessed your parents have a physically violent fight or you
23 were attacked by a vicious animal, or you had a serious indoor
24 or outdoor accident, or you nearly drowned and had to be
25 rescued by a lifeguard, or you committed a crime as a teenager
2 intervention, people get very confident about their wrong
3 answers, and you can see that even wrong answers or false
4 information, false memories can be expressed with a high degree
5 of confidence.
6 Q. In connection with your experience and research, have you
7 ever come across the term, rich false memories?
8 A. Yes.
9 Q. Could you please explain to the jury what that means.
10 A. So going back, actually, to the typical eyewitness study,
11 witnesses see an accident, they really saw the car go through a
12 stop sign. Later on, you suggest it was a yield sign and many
13 people will succumb to the suggestion. You have changed a
14 detail in memory for an event that actually happened.
15 But somewhere around the 1990s, researchers from
16 around the world started to look at, could you plant an entire
17 event into the minds of people for something that didn't
18 happen, could you use enough suggestion that you would get
19 people to construct whole events, and we and others have
20 accomplished that, meaning other scientific laboratories,
21 planting false memories that -- well, as I mentioned, you
22 witnessed your parents have a physically violent fight or you
23 were attacked by a vicious animal, or you had a serious indoor
24 or outdoor accident, or you nearly drowned and had to be
25 rescued by a lifeguard, or you committed a crime as a teenager
SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C.
(212) 805-0300
(212) 805-0300
DOJ-OGR-00016618
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