HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019687.jpg
1.66 MB
Extraction Summary
3
People
8
Organizations
6
Locations
3
Events
3
Relationships
3
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Book page / proof copy (evidence file)
File Size:
1.66 MB
Summary
This document is a page (p. 199) from a book, likely titled 'Epstein: Dead Men Tell No Tales' (based on the filename ISBN), which was included in a House Oversight Committee document production (Bates stamp HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019687). The text provides a historical overview of the rise of the National Security Agency (NSA), detailing its origins in WWII cryptography (breaking Enigma and Purple ciphers), its formal establishment by President Truman in 1952, and its dual mission of protecting US communications while intercepting foreign intelligence during the Cold War. The footer indicates the file was processed or printed on September 30, 2016.
People (3)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | President of the United States |
Reactivated operation as the Signal Security Agency.
|
| Alan Turing | Mathematician / Cryptanalyst |
Led British cryptanalysts in building a computer to decipher German messages.
|
| Harry S. Truman | President of the United States |
Expanded the purview of the Army Security Agency and renamed it the National Security Agency in 1952.
|
Organizations (8)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| National Security Agency (NSA) |
Subject of the text; established in 1952.
|
|
| Signal Security Agency |
Precursor to the NSA, reactivated by Roosevelt.
|
|
| Army Security Agency |
Precursor to the NSA, based at Fort Meade.
|
|
| U.S. Navy |
Contracted National Cash Register Company to build computing machines.
|
|
| National Cash Register Company |
Contracted to build a machine to break the improved Enigma code.
|
|
| Department of Defense |
Parent organization of the NSA.
|
|
| Department of State |
Recipient of NSA intelligence during the Cold War.
|
|
| The Pentagon |
Recipient of NSA intelligence.
|
Timeline (3 events)
1952-10-24
Creation of the National Security Agency by President Truman.
Washington D.C. / Fort Meade
Relationships (3)
Roosevelt reactivated the operation as the Signal Security Agency.
Truman expanded purview and changed name to NSA.
British cryptanalysts led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing.
Key Quotes (3)
"This unrivaled capability to read the communications of foreign nations, which remained one of America’s most closely guarded secrets, was transferred to the Army Security Agency"Source
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019687.jpg
Quote #1
"The NSA was given two missions. The first one was protecting the communications of the U.S. government."Source
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019687.jpg
Quote #2
"The second mission was intercepting all the relevant communications and signals of foreign governments."Source
HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019687.jpg
Quote #3
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (2,435 characters)
The Rise of the NSA | 199
Europe, President Franklin D. Roosevelt reactivated the operation
as the Signal Security Agency. It proved its value in breaking the
Japanese machine-generated cipher “Purple.” In June 1942, using
deciphered Japanese messages to pinpoint the location of the Japa-
nese fleet at Midway, America won a decisive naval victory in the
Pacific. Germany’s Enigma encoding machines, with three encoding
wheels, proved more of a challenge. Initially, British cryptanalysts
led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing succeeded in build-
ing a rudimentary computer to decipher Germany’s messages to its
submarines and bombers, but in 1942 Germany added a fourth set of
encoding wheels, escalating what was essentially a battle of machine
intelligence. The U.S. Navy then contracted with the National Cash
Register Company to build a computing machine capable of break-
ing the improved Enigma, and in May 1943 it succeeded.
By the time the war ended in 1945, the United States had over
one hundred giant decryption machines in operation. This unrivaled
capability to read the communications of foreign nations, which
remained one of America’s most closely guarded secrets, was trans-
ferred to the Army Security Agency based at Fort Meade, Mary-
land. Then, on October 24, 1952, President Harry S. Truman greatly
expanded its purview and changed its name to the National Security
Agency.
The NSA was given two missions. The first one was protecting
the communications of the U.S. government. The main risk was that
the Soviets would find a way of breaching U.S. government chan-
nels of communications. The second mission was intercepting all the
relevant communications and signals of foreign governments. This
latter mandate included the governments of allies as well as enemies.
The president, the other intelligence services, and the Department
of Defense deemed what was relevant for national security. Even
though the NSA remained part of the Department of Defense, its
job went far beyond providing military intelligence. It also acted as
a service agency to other American intelligence services. They pre-
pared shopping lists of foreign communications intelligence targets
for the NSA to pursue.
As the Cold War heated up in the 1960s, the NSA provided intel-
ligence not only to the Pentagon but to the Department of State, the
as the Signal Security Agency. It proved its value in breaking the
Japanese machine-generated cipher “Purple.” In June 1942, using
deciphered Japanese messages to pinpoint the location of the Japa-
nese fleet at Midway, America won a decisive naval victory in the
Pacific. Germany’s Enigma encoding machines, with three encoding
wheels, proved more of a challenge. Initially, British cryptanalysts
led by the brilliant mathematician Alan Turing succeeded in build-
ing a rudimentary computer to decipher Germany’s messages to its
submarines and bombers, but in 1942 Germany added a fourth set of
encoding wheels, escalating what was essentially a battle of machine
intelligence. The U.S. Navy then contracted with the National Cash
Register Company to build a computing machine capable of break-
ing the improved Enigma, and in May 1943 it succeeded.
By the time the war ended in 1945, the United States had over
one hundred giant decryption machines in operation. This unrivaled
capability to read the communications of foreign nations, which
remained one of America’s most closely guarded secrets, was trans-
ferred to the Army Security Agency based at Fort Meade, Mary-
land. Then, on October 24, 1952, President Harry S. Truman greatly
expanded its purview and changed its name to the National Security
Agency.
The NSA was given two missions. The first one was protecting
the communications of the U.S. government. The main risk was that
the Soviets would find a way of breaching U.S. government chan-
nels of communications. The second mission was intercepting all the
relevant communications and signals of foreign governments. This
latter mandate included the governments of allies as well as enemies.
The president, the other intelligence services, and the Department
of Defense deemed what was relevant for national security. Even
though the NSA remained part of the Department of Defense, its
job went far beyond providing military intelligence. It also acted as
a service agency to other American intelligence services. They pre-
pared shopping lists of foreign communications intelligence targets
for the NSA to pursue.
As the Cold War heated up in the 1960s, the NSA provided intel-
ligence not only to the Pentagon but to the Department of State, the
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