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611 KB
Extraction Summary
2
People
2
Organizations
1
Locations
2
Events
1
Relationships
4
Quotes
Document Information
Type:
Court transcript (direct examination)
File Size:
611 KB
Summary
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) featuring the direct examination of an expert witness named Loftus (likely Dr. Elizabeth Loftus). The testimony focuses on the 'misinformation effect' in memory science, describing experiments where witnesses to simulated accidents incorporate false post-event information (such as a yield sign replacing a stop sign) into their memories, rendering them inaccurate.
People (2)
| Name | Role | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Loftus | Witness |
Testifying on direct examination regarding memory science and the misinformation effect. (Likely Dr. Elizabeth Loftus...
|
| Unidentified Attorney (Q) | Interrogator |
Conducting the direct examination of the witness.
|
Organizations (2)
| Name | Type | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Southern District Reporters, P.C. | ||
| Department of Justice (DOJ) |
Indicated by Bates stamp prefix DOJ-OGR
|
Locations (1)
| Location | Context |
|---|---|
|
Implied by case number and reporter name
|
Relationships (1)
work that I and my collaborators have done
Key Quotes (4)
"I would just estimate hundreds of experiments involving maybe 50,000 participants or more"Source
DOJ-OGR-00016596.jpg
Quote #1
"many people will incorporate that misinformation into their memory and it causes an impairment in memory."Source
DOJ-OGR-00016596.jpg
Quote #2
"It becomes their memory and their memory becomes inaccurate."Source
DOJ-OGR-00016596.jpg
Quote #3
"Many people will now claim that they saw a yield sign instead of a stop sign. So they have succumbed to the misinformation in that new information that was presented"Source
DOJ-OGR-00016596.jpg
Quote #4
Full Extracted Text
Complete text extracted from the document (1,552 characters)
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 761 Filed 08/10/22 Page 113 of 246 2408
LCGVMAX3 Loftus - direct
LCGVMAX3 Loftus - direct
1 present?
2 A. I would just estimate hundreds of experiments involving
3 maybe 50,000 participants or more, but it's just a -- it's just
4 kind of an estimate.
5 Q. Well, let's just focus on a few of those, if we might.
6 What stands out in your mind with regard to
7 experiments that you have done that have impacted the science
8 of memory?
9 A. I would say that one of the major contributions is the work
10 that I and my collaborators have done on the misinformation
11 effect on showing that after people see, say, a simulated crime
12 or a simulated accident, and they are exposed to some
13 misinformation about the accident or the crime that they saw,
14 that many people will incorporate that misinformation into
15 their memory and it causes an impairment in memory. False
16 swayed of the misinformation. It becomes their memory and
17 their memory becomes inaccurate.
18 One -- I guess you could call it a classic study,
19 because it's in many of the textbooks in psychology today is
20 one in which we show people a simulated accident, maybe a car
21 goes through a stop sign that's controlling the intersection.
22 And later on we expose our witnesses to misinformation that it
23 was a yield sign. Many people will now claim that they saw a
24 yield sign instead of a stop sign. So they have succumbed to
25 the misinformation in that new information that was presented
2 A. I would just estimate hundreds of experiments involving
3 maybe 50,000 participants or more, but it's just a -- it's just
4 kind of an estimate.
5 Q. Well, let's just focus on a few of those, if we might.
6 What stands out in your mind with regard to
7 experiments that you have done that have impacted the science
8 of memory?
9 A. I would say that one of the major contributions is the work
10 that I and my collaborators have done on the misinformation
11 effect on showing that after people see, say, a simulated crime
12 or a simulated accident, and they are exposed to some
13 misinformation about the accident or the crime that they saw,
14 that many people will incorporate that misinformation into
15 their memory and it causes an impairment in memory. False
16 swayed of the misinformation. It becomes their memory and
17 their memory becomes inaccurate.
18 One -- I guess you could call it a classic study,
19 because it's in many of the textbooks in psychology today is
20 one in which we show people a simulated accident, maybe a car
21 goes through a stop sign that's controlling the intersection.
22 And later on we expose our witnesses to misinformation that it
23 was a yield sign. Many people will now claim that they saw a
24 yield sign instead of a stop sign. So they have succumbed to
25 the misinformation in that new information that was presented
SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, P.C.
(212) 805-0300
(212) 805-0300
DOJ-OGR-00016596
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