Loftus
PersonRelationship Network
Event Timeline
| Connected Entity | Relationship Type |
Strength
(mentions)
|
Documents | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
person
Unnamed Questioner
|
Professional |
10
Very Strong
|
15 | |
|
person
Ms. Sternheim
|
Legal representative |
8
Strong
|
4 | |
|
person
Unnamed Questioner
|
Legal representative |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
CIA
|
Consultant lecturer |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
Ms. Moe
|
Adversarial |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
Ms. Sternheim
|
Professional |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
Questioner
|
Professional |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
Unidentified Attorney
|
Witness examiner |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
Unidentified Attorney
|
Witness counsel |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
Unnamed Questioner
|
Professional adversarial |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
defense attorney
|
Witness counsel |
6
|
2 | |
|
person
Collaborators/Sympathizers
|
Professional academic |
5
|
1 | |
|
person
Attorney (Q)
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
organization
National Science Foundation
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
organization
Federal Bureau of Investigation
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
person
MS. POMERANTZ
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
organization
Central Intelligence Agency
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
person
Unnamed Interrogator
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
organization
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
organization
Federal government
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
organization
FBI
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
organization
Secret Service
|
Professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
person
Professors (Unnamed)
|
Academic professional |
5
|
1 | |
|
person
Attorney (Q)
|
Witness examiner |
5
|
1 | |
|
organization
National Institute of Mental Health
|
Professional |
5
|
1 |
| Date | Event Type | Description | Location | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N/A | N/A | Direct examination testimony of witness Loftus in United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell. | Courtroom | View |
| N/A | N/A | Consulting workshops conducted by the witness. | Unspecified | View |
| N/A | Psychological study | A study was conducted where subjects were presented with true memories from their childhood and o... | N/A | View |
| N/A | N/A | Lectures/Consulting by Loftus | Unknown | View |
| N/A | N/A | Direct examination of witness Loftus regarding false memory studies. | Courtroom | View |
| N/A | N/A | Direct examination testimony of expert witness Loftus. | Courtroom | View |
| N/A | Scientific experiment | Experiments conducted by Loftus involving videos of car crashes and people being lost in malls. | malls | View |
| N/A | Experiment | A memory experiment where people watched a short video of a blue car rushing towards a person. | science museum | View |
| N/A | Psychological experiment | A study was conducted to see if people could be made to believe they met Bugs Bunny at Disneyland... | N/A | View |
| N/A | N/A | Direct examination testimony of witness Loftus regarding memory and interviewing techniques. | Courtroom | View |
| N/A | N/A | Commencement ceremony delayed due to COVID | Unknown | View |
| N/A | Leadership role | Loftus served as president of the Western Psychological Association on two separate occasions. | N/A | View |
| N/A | Leadership role | Loftus served as president of divisions of the American Psychological Association, such as the Am... | N/A | View |
| N/A | Consultation | Witness Loftus consulted with various government agencies at different points in their career. | N/A | View |
| N/A | Research funding | Witness Loftus's research was supported by grants and funds from various organizations. | N/A | View |
| N/A | Psychological study | An experiment conducted by Loftus about planting a false memory of someone being lost in a mall. ... | mall | View |
| N/A | Leadership role | Loftus served as president of the Western Psychological Association twice. | N/A | View |
| N/A | Experiment | A memory experiment involving a simulated accident where the detail of a yield sign versus a stop... | N/A | View |
| N/A | Academic publication | Loftus published a paper titled 'Reactions to Blatantly Contradictory Information'. | N/A | View |
| N/A | Experiment | A study was conducted where participants viewed a simulated accident and were questioned about th... | N/A | View |
| N/A | N/A | Direct examination of expert witness Loftus regarding the stages of memory (acquisition, retentio... | Courtroom | View |
| N/A | N/A | Testimony at high-profile trials | Courts | View |
| N/A | Scientific study | Studies conducted by Loftus involving interviews with people who were sexually abused about their... | N/A | View |
| N/A | N/A | Classic psychology study regarding traffic signs (Stop vs Yield) | Academic/Laboratory setting | View |
| 2025-01-15 | N/A | Filing date of the transcript document. | Court | View |
DOJ-OGR-00013995.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript dated August 10, 2022, from the case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE. The transcript captures the end of a session, likely the direct examination of a witness named Loftus, where the judge (THE COURT) announces a one-hour lunch break to an attorney, Ms. Sternheim, and the jury. The document was transcribed by Southern District Reporters, P.C.
DOJ-OGR-00013993.jpg
This page contains a transcript from the trial of Ghislaine Maxwell (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE), filed on August 10, 2022. It features the direct examination of memory expert Dr. Loftus, who testifies about the reliability of memory in relation to trauma and post-event suggestion. Loftus explains that while core details of traumatic events may be remembered, they are still subject to distortion, and discusses the correlation between memory confidence and accuracy under pristine conditions.
DOJ-OGR-00013991.jpg
This document is a court transcript from August 10, 2022, detailing the direct examination of a witness named Loftus. Loftus testifies that human memory is a "constructive process," where recollections are built rather than simply replayed like a video. During the testimony, an attorney, Ms. Pomerantz, successfully objects to a question on the grounds that it is leading, and the examination is continued by Ms. Sternheim.
DOJ-OGR-00013990.jpg
This document is a court transcript from a case filed on August 10, 2022, showing the direct examination of a witness named Loftus by attorney Ms. Sternheim. The questioning concerns psychological concepts of memory, specifically the "forgetting curve" and "post-event information." Opposing counsel, Ms. Pomerantz, successfully objects to the line of questioning multiple times, with the court sustaining the objections and instructing the witness.
DOJ-OGR-00013989.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE) dated August 10, 2022. It features the direct examination of an expert witness named Loftus (Dr. Elizabeth Loftus) discussing the malleability of human memory, specifically how linguistic labeling (e.g., 'incident' vs. 'fight') can alter a person's recollection of events.
DOJ-OGR-00013988.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) featuring the direct examination of expert witness Loftus. The testimony focuses on the suggestiveness of psychotherapy, the potential for creating false memories regarding childhood trauma, and the psychological concept of 'labeling' in relation to memory distortion.
DOJ-OGR-00013986.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) filed on August 10, 2022. It features the direct examination of an expert witness named Loftus (likely Elizabeth Loftus), who is testifying about memory contamination, the difference between open-ended and leading questions, and the impact of stress on memory. The witness advises using neutral questions to avoid contaminating a witness's memory and notes that stress is usually relevant to the time of the event itself rather than the interview environment.
DOJ-OGR-00013985.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) dated August 10, 2022. The witness, identified as Loftus (likely Dr. Elizabeth Loftus), is testifying on direct examination about the concepts of 'post-event information' and 'post-event suggestion' and how conversations, biased interrogations, and media exposure can contaminate human memory. She also mentions her professional experience consulting with the FBI and Secret Service regarding interviewing techniques.
DOJ-OGR-00013984.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) featuring the direct examination of a witness named Loftus (likely memory expert Dr. Elizabeth Loftus). The testimony focuses on the science of memory, specifically the 'retention stage,' and argues that as time passes, witnesses become more susceptible to 'post-event suggestion' which can contaminate, alter, or distort their memories.
DOJ-OGR-00013982.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) filed on August 10, 2022. It features the direct examination of an expert witness named Loftus (likely Dr. Elizabeth Loftus), who is explaining the scientific stages of memory: acquisition, retention, and retrieval. The witness describes how 'acts of retrieval,' such as conversations or police interviews, occur during the retention interval after an event.
DOJ-OGR-00013981.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE, United States v. Ghislaine Maxwell) filed on August 10, 2022. It features the direct examination testimony of an expert witness named Loftus (likely Dr. Elizabeth Loftus), who is explaining the stages of memory—specifically retention, retrieval, and acquisition—and how psychological factors can affect memory accuracy.
DOJ-OGR-00013978.jpg
This document is page 119 of a court transcript from the Ghislaine Maxwell trial (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE). It captures a brief segment of direct examination testimony from an expert witness named Loftus (likely Dr. Elizabeth Loftus), confirming she has testified many times regarding the impact of post-event information on memory. The page contains very little text as the testimony continues on the next page.
DOJ-OGR-00013977.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript dated August 10, 2022, from case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE. It features the testimony of an expert witness named Loftus, who clarifies the scope of their expertise on memory. Loftus states they have testified in about 300 cases, primarily on the psychology of memory, memory distortion, and false memories, while distinguishing their field from neuroscience and deferring to other experts on topics related to brain structures like the hippocampus and amygdala.
DOJ-OGR-00013975.jpg
This document is a court transcript from August 10, 2022, detailing the direct examination of a witness named Loftus. Loftus discusses the ethical review process for psychological experiments on humans, explaining how the requirement to 'cause no harm' limits the scope of research, particularly in studies on false memories. Loftus provides examples of both approvable and potentially unapprovable experiments that a 'human subjects review committee' might consider.
DOJ-OGR-00013973.jpg
This document is a transcript from a legal case, specifically page 114 of 246. It involves questioning about language and memory, referencing a study published in 1978 and discussing how the wording of questions can affect witness recall of a simulated accident.
DOJ-OGR-00013971.jpg
This document is page 112 of a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE) filed on August 10, 2022. It features the direct examination of a witness named Loftus, a psychologist specializing in memory science, who testifies about receiving her Ph.D. in 1970 and publishing over 20 books and 600 scientific articles. The questioning attorney focuses on establishing the witness's credentials and the volume of her research.
DOJ-OGR-00013970.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript dated August 10, 2022, from the direct examination of a witness named Loftus. Loftus describes their professional affiliations with several major psychological organizations, including the Association for Psychological Science, the Western Psychological Association, and the American Psychological Association, highlighting past presidencies and other leadership roles within these groups.
DOJ-OGR-00013969.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE) filed on August 10, 2022. It features the direct examination of a witness named Loftus (likely Dr. Elizabeth Loftus), who is explaining the scientific peer review process and her experience serving on editorial boards for psychology journals. The document appears to be part of the Ghislaine Maxwell trial records.
DOJ-OGR-00013968.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript dated August 10, 2022, detailing the direct examination of a witness named Loftus. Loftus discusses the funding for their scientific research, citing support from the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Mental Health. They also state that they have consulted for numerous U.S. government agencies, including the Department of Justice, CIA, FBI, Secret Service, and IRS.
DOJ-OGR-00013966.jpg
This document is a page from a court transcript (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE) featuring the direct examination of a witness named Loftus (likely Dr. Elizabeth Loftus). The witness discusses her professional accolades, noting that her CV is 47 pages single-spaced. She highlights her election to the United States National Academy of Sciences in approximately 2004 as her most prestigious award.
DOJ-OGR-00009851.jpg
This document is a page from a court filing (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE) containing an article or transcript featuring interviews with a juror named David following the Ghislaine Maxwell trial. David explains to media outlets (MailOnline and The Independent) how the jury relied on corroborated testimony to establish a 'pattern' of grooming, specifically citing victims Kate, Jane, Annie Farmer, and Carolyn. He details specific grooming tactics used by Maxwell, such as acting like a teenager and normalizing nudity or massage, and dismisses the defense's expert witness on memory.
DOJ-OGR-00014470.jpg
This document is page 70 of a court transcript (summation) from the Ghislaine Maxwell trial (Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE), filed on August 10, 2022. Attorney Ms. Moe argues against the testimony of defense memory expert Loftus, contrasting the implanting of false memories about getting lost in a mall with the impossibility of implanting false memories about invasive physical trauma like enemas or sexual abuse. Moe emphasizes that Loftus admitted on cross-examination that core traumatic memories are stronger than other types of memory.
DOJ-OGR-00005219.jpg
This page from a legal document argues for the necessity of individual, sequestered voir dire conducted by legal counsel, in addition to the Court. It contends that this method is more effective at uncovering potential juror bias, especially in cases with significant pretrial publicity, by fostering a more conversational and less intimidating environment that encourages honesty. The text cites legal precedent and academic research to support the claim that attorney-led questioning yields better results for seating a fair and impartial jury.
Testimony as a defense witness
Loftus admits to participating in interviews with the press about her testimony if asked.
Memories of trauma
A questioner cross-examines witness Loftus about the nature of traumatic memories. Loftus confirms that core memories of trauma are stronger than peripheral details, that participants remember events better than observers, and that repetitive experiences enhance memory.
Memory formation, misinformation, and autosuggestion
This is a transcript of a direct examination of Loftus, who explains the difference between externally supplied misinformation and internal 'autosuggestion' in memory creation. Loftus also details factors that affect the initial acquisition of a memory, such as lighting, distance, distraction, and the influence of drugs like marijuana.
Professional affiliations and publications
An unnamed questioner asks the witness, Loftus, to describe their professional affiliations. Loftus details their membership and leadership roles in several psychological organizations.
Memory experiments
An unnamed questioner cross-examines the witness, Loftus, about the details and methodology of memory experiments she has conducted, specifically one involving a simulated accident with a stop/yield sign and another at a science museum.
Psychological studies on false memories and suggestion.
An unnamed questioner cross-examines Loftus about her research, focusing on the 'lost in the mall' study, its results, and other studies concerning resistance to blatantly false suggestions.
The effect of language on memory
A witness, Loftus, answers questions about studies concerning how language can influence memory, providing a specific example of an experiment involving a simulated car accident.
Suggestibility in memory retrieval and professional quali...
A questioner asks the witness, Loftus, about situations where information exchange can be suggestive. Loftus provides examples from law enforcement interviews and psychotherapy. The questioner then clarifies that Loftus has a doctorate in psychology but is not a practicing therapist.
The effect of labeling on memory
An unidentified questioner asks witness Loftus about how memory can be affected by labeling. Loftus explains that applying labels to ambiguous objects (e.g., eyeglasses vs. dumbbells) or events (e.g., incident vs. fight) can alter how they are later remembered and constructed.
Direct Examination regarding memory science
Discussion regarding whether post-event information can be intentional or inadvertent, and the impact of secondary gain, motive, or trusted sources on the formation of false memories.
Direct Examination
Questioning regarding CV detail and compensation.
Professional Honors and CV
Witness discusses their extensive CV (47 pages) and highlights their election to the National Academy of Sciences in 2004.
Direct Examination regarding credentials and research
Loftus describes her awards from psychological associations and explains her history of conducting hundreds of experiments on human memory.
Memory studies
Loftus admitted on cross-examination that core memories of trauma are stronger than other types of memory.
Direct Examination
Discussion regarding the reliability of memory involving trauma and the correlation between confidence and accuracy in memory retrieval.
Expertise in the science of memory
This is a transcript of a direct examination where a witness, Loftus, answers questions about her expertise. She discusses her history of testifying as an expert on memory, distinguishing her psychological expertise from the field of neuroscience.
Memory Retention and Contamination
Discussion regarding the stages of memory (acquisition, retention, retrieval) and the impact of post-event suggestion on memory accuracy.
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